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Comparative Study between the 2016 Failed Military Coup and Previous Successful Coups in Turkey
Safarli, Adil ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
The 2016 Turkish failed coup attempt was a striking political event of the year. Although Turkey is a country with a long history of successful military intervention and deep-rooted coup culture, the coup organizers could not achieve the desired outcome in 2016. The coups of 1960, 1971, 1980 and 1997 have resulted in the government's change where the military played an important role by influencing the political sphere. However, the result was different in the coup attempt carried out on 15 July 2016. As the President, a large segment of military, political parties and a significant part of the society had an anti-coup attitude and stood up against the military coup. For this reason, the thesis attempts to compare the 2016 Turkish failed coup with the previous successful coups of 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997's in Turkey. The comparison is based on the hypotheses built on four civil-military relation theories and concepts: Military Professionalism, Civilian Supremacy, Social Cohesion and Public Institutionalism. According to the analyses, the findings indicate that the theories of Civilian Supremacy and Public Institutionalism better explain the failure of 2016 and the success of the previous coups than other theories.
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Kemalist Eurasianism: A Third Way for Contemporary Turkey in-between the West and East
Yılmaz, Emre Can ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
After seven months of diplomatic crisis following the shooting down of Russian fighter jet by the Turkish Armed Forces, Turkish-Russian relations entered into the process of reconciliation in June 2016. Few weeks later, Turkey faced with a coup attempt (July 15, 2016) which was a crucial turning point in Turkey's repositioning itself in the international politics. Deteriorating relations with the West and rapprochement with Russia have brought along debates with regards to Eurasianism as an alternative foreign policy orientation. In this regard, this thesis is dealing with the Patriotic Party's proposed Eurasianist idea, Kemalist Eurasianism, to put forth the idea's conceptual and contextual map by analysing and interpreting the works of Doğu Perinçek, chairman of the Patriotic Party, and the party's monthly journal, Teori, within the framework of conceptual history approach. In doing so, the thesis confronts the misconception of Kemalist Eurasianism as a derivation of Russian neo-Eurasianism and argues that the idea is originated from the Kemalist revolution and left-nationalist currents of thought historically. Thus, the thesis reveals that Kemalist Eurasianism primarily is a national agenda based on Kemalist principles of nationalism, etatism and populism, and is the international extension of...
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Muslim Democracy in Turkey
Scholzová, Markéta ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Váňová, Ludmila (referee)
This thesis aims to analyze the transformations of concept of secularism from a long- term perspective of the formation and consolidation of Turkish republic between 1923 - 2013. Central contention is that secularism, as a social phenomenon, was originally understood as an integral part of state-led modernization project, sponsored by Turkish armed forces between 1920s and early 1980s. However since late 1980s and particularly under AKP governments (2002 - 2014) secularism - branded as Kemalism has gradually become a subject of intense conflicts and new interpretations seeking to reconcile Turkish secularist principles with new forms of public participation driven by Islamic symbols. Keywords Democracy, secularism, authoritarian regime, Kemalism, army, political parties, AKP, islam, religious symbols, islamic clothing
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The Justice and Development Party and the European Union: Analysis of the interest in joining the EU
Vaňousová, Daniela ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
This thesis aims to answer the question why did Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) dropped the consistent reform initiative and effort to ensure fulfillment of EU entry criteria after starting accession negotiations in 2005. To answer this question the paper analyses the interest of AKP in EU accession. The causes of interest in the EU are examined firstly and then it is focused on the reasons responsible for the loss of interest. The paper demonstrates that the transformation of interest of the ruling party in EU accession was influenced by the combination of two factors. The first factor was the lack of credibility of the accession negotiations with the EU and the ensuing improbability of membership. The second factor was the consolidation of the AKP political power. With respect to the nature of the AKP original interest in the integration of Turkey into the EU, the thesis concludes that the interest depended on the necessity of the accession process for domestic political purposes of ruling party. Afterwards the party achieved its objective, which was to get rid of opponents and secure their position in the Turkish political system, the AKP had no reason to try to meet all requirements of the European Union, given the unlikely outcome of accession negotiations.
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Formation and Development of National Identity in Modern Turkey
Jandl, Dominik ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Koubek, Jiří (referee)
Student will focus on analyzing the formation and development of the construct of national identity in early modern Turkey, namely in the first two decades after the proclamation of the Republic in 1923 in his thesis. First he will observe the process of formulation of national identity in the late Ottoman Empire and the developmental turbulence leading to the Turkish Republic. Next, the student will focus on the period after the founding of the Republic, and in particular the ideology of reform elites around Mustafa Kemal. Author will analyze the relation between national identity and establishing a new state - especially the instrumental role of nationalism in order to create a strong government that would represent a clear break with the tradition of backward multinational Ottoman Empire. From the analysis of the context, the author will move on to a specific analysis of nationalist ideology, adopted after its formation by the newly established state and a new ruling Republican People's Party. Especially in the classic form of the "Six Arrows" (ALTI ok - republicanism, populism, secularism, revolucionismus, nationalism and statism) from 1931 and other key documents.
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The military as a guardian of democracy
Ficker, Alexandr ; Dvořáková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Němec, Jan (referee)
The thesis discusses the military's influence on the new Turkey Republic in second half of the 20. century. The first part focuses on the military position in democratic countries and at the same time it shows a new view on the military position than the common one. The next part analyses the historical background of Turkish military and the influence of kemalism. Following parts analyses the military interventions and the influence of EEC/EU on the military position in Turkey. The work aims to answer the following question how did the EU influenced the military as a safe keeper of the secularism. In the end of the work the possible future development of Turkey is outlined as well with the formation of numerous Islamic fundamentalist groups.
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